What does a grid north refer to in navigation?

Grid north refers to the direction indicated by the vertical grid lines on a map. In cartography and navigation, maps often feature a grid system that helps users orient themselves. These vertical lines typically correspond to the north-south orientation established by the map's projection and make it easier to read coordinates and measure distances accurately.

Understanding grid north is essential for effective navigation and map reading, especially when using tools like compasses or GPS devices, which may use either magnetic or true north. The importance of distinguishing grid north lies in its utility for aligning the map with the actual terrain, which can be crucial when navigating in an unfamiliar area or when planning routes.